I think the problem is that we think there is a self and a real consciousness.
Everything that makes us ourselves, that makes us conscious, is our memories and thoughts and perceptions.
Our atoms are replaced all the time, but this doesn't change or kill what we call our "self", because the memories and behaviours are still the same as before they were replaced.
I think the 'problem' for me is when I think... Yeah, okay, my brain is what makes me me. But what is it that ties my perceptions to my brain? Why am I not experiencing this or that dude's thoughts, feelings and memories? Because I'm not that brain? Well what makes me my brain? I think this is an illusion. There is no "I". I'm not "conscious" and I don't "perceive", everything is just physical reactions, and one of the consequences of that is the illusion of consciousness.
(but why do i only experience this brain's illusion. fuck this shit.)
If you think something ties me to my brain, then teleportation, or a quick replacement of atoms, would perhaps sever that link. (This would be the idea that conscious #1 dies, and a new one is created for the reassembled body.) But if you agree that everything that makes you you is in the physical structure of your brain, then instantly changing your atoms would be the same as slowly replacing them.
As in, you'd still be yourself. There is no conscious #1 and #2. Only brain and reassembled brain. And it would be the same, living person.
Edited:
Let's assume that everything that makes you you, is your brain's structure. This means that if an exact copy of it exists, and you plug some eyes into it, you (your 'conscious') will be able to see what the brain sees.
If this is true, you can die, create a clone and you'll basically just be back. Alive, same person, same conscious.
But the real noodle baker is this: What if you don't die before you create the exact clone? What if you create 3?
Will you perceive 3 visions and 3 bodies, or will they be each their own conscious? I don't think they will perceive each other's senses, but then what? Then they aren't the same person.
Again, I think this is because there is no conscious, there is no me.
I'm a "new conscious" every second. I'm a new thing every time my atoms are replaced. It's just that nobody notices.
Edited:
fuck this shit
While parts of the brain may be repaired, their must be some consistency otherwise there would be a new me every few seconds and quite frankly I'm not about to deny my own existence.